Everything You Need to Know About Heat Stroke

If you have been experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, stress, weakness, dizziness, disorientation, and nausea in recent months, it is very likely due to heatstroke, which has been occurring in much of the Colombian Caribbean region, given the high temperatures exceeding 32°C (90°F) with a heat index of up to 40°C (104°F). This situation deserves the full attention of health organizations and the community at large, as it can lead to serious consequences such as brain damage and death.

What is heatstroke?

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Meteorological Organization, heatstroke is defined as “an unusually hot, dry or humid period of day or night that begins and ends abruptly with a discernible impact on humans and natural systems.” This occurs when the body overheats due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures without protection and dehydration.

Among the most vulnerable populations during heat waves are newborns, children, the elderly, people with disabilities, and people undergoing medical treatment; these groups are more susceptible to developing adverse effects. Similarly, those who engage in outdoor physical activity without taking protective measures can also be affected.

Five recommendations to prevent heatstroke

Protect yourself from the sun: If you must be outdoors for any reason, it is essential to protect your skin by using sunscreen, sunglasses, and wide-brimmed hats. These measures help reduce the risk of sunburn.

Stay cool: In unbearable heat, it is recommended to stay in places with air conditioning or fans, especially during the hottest hours of the day, which are usually between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.

Stay hydrated: Proper hydration is ideal for maintaining a balanced body temperature. It is recommended to drink water throughout the day and avoid alcoholic or caffeinated beverages, as these can cause dehydration.

Appropriate Clothing: It is recommended to wear light-colored, breathable clothing. This will allow air to circulate around the body and sweat to evaporate.

Prioritize Fruits and Vegetables: Diet also plays an important role in mitigating the effects of heatstroke. It is recommended to consume more fruits and vegetables, as well as reduce excess carbohydrates, fatty foods, or foods high in sugar.

Recognize the Symptoms

Among the most common signs of heatstroke that are crucial for acting quickly and seeking medical help if necessary, we can highlight:

Headaches: These are very common during heatstroke. Pay attention to any pain that worsens over time and is not relieved by common painkillers.

Fatigue and weakness: Heatstroke can cause intense fatigue and weakness. If a person feels tired, even without strenuous physical activity, they may be experiencing the first symptoms. In this situation, hydration and a balanced diet are important.

Dizziness: Disorientation and dizziness are common with heatstroke, affecting balance and coordination. If a person feels dizzy or confused, they should immediately seek a cool or shaded place.
Nausea: If a person experiences vomiting and stomach upset during heatstroke, these symptoms may indicate that the body is not regulating its internal temperature effectively.

Important to note:

It's important to know that heatstroke doesn't only occur in hot climates, but anywhere temperatures are high and people are exposed to heat for extended periods. The same can happen in cooler climates. Even in cold water, it's possible to suffer heatstroke. While it may feel more comfortable, it doesn't prevent exposure to the sun's excessive heat.

Heatstroke can be considered a serious medical emergency if the patient experiences symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness, requiring immediate medical attention.
Athletes who engage in intense physical activity in the sun are at high risk of heatstroke, so it's essential that they stay constantly hydrated and rest in cool places.

Remember to heed these recommendations. If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, and if they persist, consult your doctor. At Hospital Serena del Mar in Cartagena, we care for your health throughout your life.